Owl Components¶

The Odoo Javascript framework uses a custom component framework called Owl. It is a declarative component system, loosely inspired by Vue and React. Components are defined using QWeb templates, enriched with some Owl specific directives. The official Owl documentation contains a complete reference and a tutorial.

Important

Although the code can be found in the web module, it is maintained from a separate GitHub repository. Any modification to Owl should therefore be made through a pull request on https://github.com/odoo/owl.

Note

Currently, all Odoo versions (starting in version 14) share the same Owl version.

Using Owl components¶

The Owl documentation already documents in detail the Owl framework, so this page will only provide Odoo specific information. But first, let us see how we can make a simple component in Odoo.

const { useState } = owl.hooks;
const { xml } = owl.tags;

class MyComponent extends Component {
    setup() {
        this.state = useState({ value: 1 });
    }

    increment() {
        this.state.value++;
    }
}
MyComponent.template = xml
    `<div t-on-click="increment">
        <t t-esc="state.value">
    </div>`;

This example shows that Owl is available as a library in the global namespace as owl: it can simply be used like most libraries in Odoo. Note that we defined here the template as a static property, but without using the static keyword, which is not available in some browsers (Odoo javascript code should be Ecmascript 2019 compliant).

We define here the template in the javascript code, with the help of the xml helper. However, it is only useful to get started. In practice, templates in Odoo should be defined in an xml file, so they can be translated. In that case, the component should only define the template name.

In practice, most components should define 2 or 3 files, located at the same place: a javascript file (my_component.js), a template file (my_component.xml) and optionally a scss (or css) file (my_component.scss). These files should then be added to some assets bundle. The web framework will take care of loading the javascript/css files, and loading the templates into Owl.

Here is how the component above should be defined:

const { useState } = owl.hooks;

class MyComponent extends Component {
    ...
}
MyComponent.template = 'myaddon.MyComponent';

And the template is now located in the corresponding xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<templates xml:space="preserve">

<t t-name="myaddon.MyComponent" owl="1">
  <div t-on-click="increment">
    <t t-esc="state.value"/>
  </div>
</t>

</templates>

Odoo code is not yet completely made in Owl, so it needs a way to tell the difference between Owl templates (new code) and old templates (for components). To do that in a backward-compatible way, all new templates should be defined with the owl attribute set to 1.

Note

Do not forget to set owl="1" in your Owl templates!

Note

Template names should follow the convention addon_name.ComponentName.

Best practices¶

First of all, components are classes, so they have a constructor. But constructors are special methods in javascript that are not overridable in any way. Since this is an occasionally useful pattern in Odoo, we need to make sure that no component in Odoo directly uses the constructor method. Instead, components should use the setup method:

// correct:
class MyComponent extends Component {
    setup() {
        // initialize component here
    }
}

// incorrect. Do not do that!
class IncorrectComponent extends Component {
    constructor(parent, props) {
        // initialize component here
    }
}

Another good practice is to use a consistent convention for template names: addon_name.ComponentName. This prevents name collision between odoo addons.

Reference List¶

The Odoo web client is built with Owl components. To make it easier, the Odoo javascript framework provides a suite of generic components that can be reused in some common situations, such as dropdowns, checkboxes or datepickers. This page explains how to use these generic components.

Technical Name	Short Description
ActionSwiper	a swiper component to perform actions on touch swipe
CheckBox	a simple checkbox component with a label next to it
Dropdown	full-featured dropdown
Pager	a small component to handle pagination

ActionSwiper¶

Note

This component is a mobile feature, only supported in the Enterprise version of Odoo.

Location¶

@web_enterprise/core/action_swiper/action_swiper

Description¶

This is a component that can perform actions when an element is swiped horizontally. The swiper is wrapping a target element to add actions to it. The action is executed once the user has released the swiper passed half of its width.

<ActionSwiper onLeftSwipe="Object" onRightSwipe="Object">
  <SomeElement/>
</ActionSwiper>

The simplest way to use the component is to use it around your target element directly in an xml template as shown above. But sometimes, you may want to extend an existing element and would not want to duplicate the template. It is possible to do just that.

If you want to extend the behavior of an existing element, you must place the element inside, by wrapping it directly. Also, you can conditionnally add props to manage when the element might be swipable or not.

You can use the component to interact easily with records, messages, items in lists and much more.

The following example creates a basic ActionSwiper component. Here, the swipe is enabled in both directions.

<ActionSwiper
  onRightSwipe="
    {
      action: '() => Delete item',
      icon: 'fa-delete',
      bgColor: 'bg-danger',
    }"
  onLeftSwipe="
    {
      action: '() => Star item',
      icon: 'fa-star',
      bgColor: 'bg-warning',
    }"
>
  <div>
    Swipable item
  </div>
</ActionSwiper>

Note

Actions are permuted when using right-to-left (RTL) languages.

Props¶

Name	Type	Description
`onLeftSwipe`	`Object`	if present, the actionswiper can be swiped to the left
`onRightSwipe`	`Object`	if present, the actionswiper can be swiped to the right

You can use both onLeftSwipe and onRightSwipe props at the same time.

Those Object’s must contain:

action, which is the callable Function serving as a callback. Once the swipe has been completed in the given direction, that action is performed.

icon is the icon class to use, usually to represent the action. It must be a string.

bgColor is the background color, given to decorate the action. can be one of the following bootstrap contextual color (danger, info, secondary, success or warning).

Those values must be given to define the behavior and the visual aspect of the swiper.

Example: Extending existing components¶

In the following example, you can use xpath’s to wrap an existing element in the ActionSwiper component. Here, a swiper has been added to mark a message as read in mail.

<xpath expr="//*[hasclass('o_Message')]" position="after">
  <ActionSwiper
    onRightSwipe="messaging.device.isMobile and messageView.message.isNeedaction ?
      {
        action: () => messageView.message.markAsRead(),
        icon: 'fa-check-circle',
        bgColor: 'bg-success',
      } : undefined"
  />
</xpath>
<xpath expr="//ActionSwiper" position="inside">
  <xpath expr="//*[hasclass('o_Message')]" position="move"/>
</xpath>

CheckBox¶

Location¶

@web/core/checkbox/checkbox

Description¶

This is a simple checkbox component with a label next to it. The checkbox is linked to the label: the checkbox is toggled whenever the label is clicked.

<CheckBox value="boolean" disabled="boolean" t-on-change="onValueChange">
  Some Text
</CheckBox>

Props¶

Name	Type	Description
`value`	`boolean`	if true, the checkbox is checked, otherwise it is unchecked
`disabled`	`boolean`	if true, the checkbox is disabled, otherwise it is enabled

Location¶

@web/core/dropdown/dropdown and @web/core/dropdown/dropdown_item

Description¶

Dropdowns are surprisingly complicated components. They need to provide many features such as:

Toggle the item list on click
Direct siblings dropdowns: when one is open, toggle others on hover
Close on outside click
Optionally close the item list when an item is selected
Call a function when the item is selected
Support sub dropdowns, up to any level
SIY: style it yourself
Configurable hotkey to open/close a dropdown or select a dropdown item
Keyboard navigation (arrows, tab, shift+tab, home, end, enter and escape)
Reposition itself whenever the page scrolls or is resized
Smartly chose the direction it should open (right-to-left direction is automatically handled).

To solve these issues once and for all, the Odoo framework provides a set of two components: a Dropdown component (the actual dropdown), and DropdownItem, for each element in the item list.

<Dropdown>
  <t t-set-slot="toggler">
    <!-- "toggler" slot content is rendered inside a button -->
    Click me to toggle the dropdown menu !
  </t>
  <!-- "default" slot content is rendered inside a div -->
  <DropdownItem onSelected="selectItem1">Menu Item 1</DropdownItem>
  <DropdownItem onSelected="selectItem2">Menu Item 2</DropdownItem>
</Dropdown>

Props¶

A <Dropdown/> component is simply a <div class="dropdown"/> having a <button class="dropdown-toggle"/> next to menu div (<div class="dropdown-menu"/>). The button is responsible for the menu being present in the DOM or not.

Dropdown	Type	Description
`startOpen`	boolean	initial dropdown open state (defaults to `false`)
`menuClass`	string	additional css class applied to the dropdown menu `<div class="dropdown-menu"/>`
`togglerClass`	string	additional css class applied to the toggler `<button class="dropdown-toggle"/>`
`hotkey`	string	hotkey to toggle the opening through keyboard
`tooltip`	string	add a tooltip on the toggler
`beforeOpen`	function	hook to execute logic just before opening. May be asynchronous.
`manualOnly`	boolean	if true, only toggle the dropdown when the button is clicked on (defaults to `false`)
`title`	string	title attribute content for the `<button class="dropdown-toggle"/>` (default: none)
`position`	string	defines the desired menu opening position. RTL direction is automatically applied. Should be a valid usePosition hook position. (default: `bottom-start`)
`toggler`	`"parent"` or `undefined`	when set to `"parent"` the `<button class="dropdown-toggle"/>` is not rendered (thus `toggler` slot is ignored) and the toggling feature is handled by the parent node (e.g. use case: pivot cells). (default: `undefined`)

A <DropdownItem/> is simply a span (<span class="dropdown-item"/>). When a <DropdownItem/> is selected, it calls its onSelected prop. If this prop is a method, make sure it is bound if the method need to use the this value.

DropdownItem	Type	Description
`onSelected`	Function	a function that will be called when the dropdown item is selected.
`parentClosingMode`	`none` \| `closest` \| `all`	when the item is selected, control which parent dropdown will get closed: none, closest or all (default = `all`)
`hotkey`	string	optional hotkey to select the item
`href`	string	if provided the DropdownItem will become an `<a href="value" class="dropdown-item"/>` instead of a `<span class="dropdown-item"/>`. (default: not provided)
`title`	string	optional title attribute which will be passed to the root node of the DropdownItem. (default: not provided)
`dataset`	Object	optional object containing values that should be added to the root element’s dataset. This can be used so that the element is easier to find programmatically, for example in tests or tours.

Technical notes¶

The rendered DOM is structured like this:

<div class="dropdown">
    <button class="dropdown-toggle">Click me !</button>
    <!-- following <div/> will or won't appear in the DOM depending on the state controlled by the preceding button -->
    <div class="dropdown-menu">
        <span class="dropdown-item">Menu Item 1</span>
        <span class="dropdown-item">Menu Item 2</span>
    </div>
</div>

To properly use a <Dropdown/> component, you need to populate two OWL slots :

toggler slot: it contains the toggler elements of your dropdown and is rendered inside the dropdown button (unless the toggler prop is set to parent),
default slot: it contains the elements of the dropdown menu itself and is rendered inside the <div class="dropdown-menu"/>. Although it is not mandatory, there is usually at least one DropdownItem inside the menu slot.

When several dropdowns share the same parent element in the DOM, then they are considered part of a group, and will notify each other about their state changes. This means that when one of these dropdowns is open, the others will automatically open themselves on mouse hover, without the need for a click.

Location¶

@web/core/pager/pager

Description¶

The Pager is a small component to handle pagination. A page is defined by an offset and a limit (the size of the page). It displays the current page and the total number of elements, for instance, “9-12 / 20”. In the previous example, offset is 8, limit is 4 and total is 20. It has two buttons (“Previous” and “Next”) to navigate between pages.

Note

The pager can be used anywhere but its main use is in the control panel. See the usePager hook in order to manipulate the pager of the control panel.

<Pager offset="0" limit="80" total="50" onUpdate="doSomething" />

Props¶

Name	Type	Description
`offset`	`number`	Index of the first element of the page. It starts with 0 but the pager displays `offset + 1`.
`limit`	`number`	Size of the page. The sum of `offset` and `limit` corresponds to the index of the last element of the page.
`total`	`number`	Total number of elements the page can reach.
`onUpdate`	`function`	Function that is called when page is modified by the pager. This function can be async, the pager cannot be edited while this function is executing.
`isEditable`	`boolean`	Allows to click on the current page to edit it (`true` by default).
`withAccessKey`	`boolean`	Binds access key `p` on the previous page button and `n` on the next page one (`true` by default).

Owl Components¶

Using Owl components¶

Best practices¶

Reference List¶

ActionSwiper¶

Location¶

Description¶

Props¶

Example: Extending existing components¶

CheckBox¶

Location¶

Description¶

Props¶

Dropdown¶

Location¶

Description¶

Props¶

Technical notes¶

Example: Direct Siblings Dropdown¶

Example: Multi-level Dropdown (with t-call)¶

Example: Multi-level Dropdown (nested)¶

Example: Recursive Multi-level Dropdown¶

Pager¶

Location¶

Description¶

Props¶

Example: Multi-level Dropdown (with `t-call`)¶